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Legal Drinking Age Should It Be Altered - 1408 Words

Legal Drinking Age: Should It Be Altered? The legal drinking age has been an ongoing controversy for decades, consisting of people who are for lowering, raising, or keeping the age with multiple reasons behind each side. It is commonly known that consuming alcohol can have life-threatening effects on the human body, but these effects can be much harsher at a younger age. Reducing the age for eighteen year olds may result in senseless acts from the drug. Statistics prove that maintaining the legal drinking age at twenty-one will be a much safer environment for all. Though there may perhaps be equitable outcomes with lowering the age to eighteen, the people would benefit greatest if the age remained twenty-one. After acknowledging differing statistics and beliefs of whether the drinking age should be altered or remain twenty-one years of age, evidence verifies that the legal drinking age would be foremost at the remaining age. Several years have been spent contemplating on what to make the legal, minimum drinking age for the consumption of alcohol. There are countless reasons to why each person has a certain stand on this topic. Many have considered the thought of whether the age should be lowered to eighteen, remain twenty-one, or even raise the age above twenty-one. Lowering the age to eighteen years of age appeals to people because of the fact that many rights are given to individuals that they did not have prior to eighteen. At eighteen years old,Show MoreRelatedPositive And Negative Effects Of Drinking Alcohol1709 Words   |  7 Pagesthe consumption of alcohol but it can be said that drinking alcohol has both positive and negative effects. Controversy may arise between opposing sides that those below the age of twenty-one are not responsible enough to drink however are allowed a driving license or a driver’s permit. In the United States of America, society and lawmakers focus more on the negative impacts of alcohol consumption especially when it com es to who we allow drinking, and do not consider that teenagers are able to thinkRead MoreIncreasing The Legal Drinking Age Limit1502 Words   |  7 PagesIncreasing the Legal Drinking Age Limit According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), underage drinking is a leading public health problem in this country (NIH, 2016). The NIAAA also estimates that approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 die as a result of underage drinking (NIH. 2016). This includes about 1,900 deaths from motor vehicle crashes, 1,600 as a result of homicides, 300 from suicide (NIH. 2016). The National Minimum Drinking Age Act (NMDAA) wasRead MoreSociety s Attitude Towards The Drinking Age1294 Words   |  6 Pages Society’s attitude towards the drinking age has been a major controversy in the United States. The attitudes regarding the drinking age have been based off statistics and society’s varying opinion. Alcohol is a toxic depressant that has a damaging effect on the human body. As a result, to prevent excessive alcoholic consumption, the ratification of the 18th amendment took place from 1919 to 1939. This established the Prohibition Act, which banned the transportation, manufacturing and selling ofRead MoreMinimum Limited Drinking Age Law883 Words   |  4 PagesMinimum limited drinking age law in America was passed more than 30 years ago. Therefore, it needed to be altered to catch up with today’s world. Teenagers today are no longer the kind of teenager back in the 1980s. Now, they have access to information on the Internet, they were taught how alcoholic drinks affect to the body, they were supervised by their parents closely. Moreover, teenagers even have legal access to voting, driving, owning a car,...and they can be jailed up if they break the lawRead MoreDrinking Age Should Be Lowered1039 Words   |  5 Pages2017 Drinking age is already dangerous as is In recent discussions of the drinking age limit, people have always said that the drinking age limit should be lowered. Some may argue that alcohol is not bad and that it can actually be beneficially. Many people would want the drinking age limit to be lowered so that it is legal for young adults to drink. If the drinking age limit were to be lowered there would be a drastic difference in society. In my perspective I will argue that the drinking age limitRead MoreEssay on The Legal Drinking Age Should Be 181540 Words   |  7 Pagesminimum drinking age in this country sometimes seem ridiculous and unnecessary. In this paper, I will discuss why certain laws are unfair and I will provide alternatives to certain problems concerning underage drinking and binge drinking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let?s face it, no matter what laws the government enforces to cut down on underage drinking, it is commonplace and happens everywhere from grade school through high school and predominantly in college. The government is looking to stop teen drinking ratherRead MoreWhats the Appropriate Drinking Age?1256 Words   |  6 PagesWhat’s the Appropriate Age? Alcoholism has been a major problem in the world for hundreds of years. Most people that deal with alcoholism became alcoholics because they needed a quick and easy way to de-stress. After long days at work or arguments with family and friends, the first thing they do is start drinking to make their stress go away. No one wakes up and decides, â€Å"I’m going to become an alcoholic today.† No one wants to be an alcoholic but bad things happen. If you are not careful withRead MoreDrinking And Driving Should Not Be Taken Lightly1500 Words   |  6 Pages Drinking and Driving Have you or someone you know been personally affected by someone who was drinking and driving? If you have then you understand the seriousness of why this is a major problem and should not be taken lightly. Many people have the understanding that they should not drink and drive when they are sober, when they start drinking however, their opinions most of the time change. Alcohol distorts a person s judgement and allows their perception to be altered, people who are underRead MorePrescription Medications And Illicit Drugs Essay1706 Words   |  7 PagesDrugs in the United States are a complex issue that ranges from legal, over-the-counter and prescription medications to illicit substances that are highly addictive. While many people have a legitimate need for medication to function on a daily basis, there are also many incidences where these potentially helpful drugs are abused. When legal medications are abused, they cause the same personal, social and economic problems as il licit substances. This paper will look at the use of both prescriptionRead MoreAlcohol abuse1512 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Alcohol abuse is also a serious medical and social problem, but is not the same as alcoholism. Alcohol abuse is the intentional overuse of alcohol, i.e., to the point of drunkenness. This includes occasional and celebratory over-drinking. Not all people who abuse alcohol become alcoholics, but alcohol abuse by itself can have serious medical effects. Overuse of alcohol is considered to be: More than 3-4 drinks per occasion for women. More than 4-5 drinks per occasion for men.

Essay about The Problem of Insurance Fraud - 1462 Words

Fraud is common among many aspects of society, one of the most prevalent types of fraud is insurance fraud. The fraud occurs on both ends from the insurer, to the people who use insurance including the physicians and the patients. A frauds usually cost Americans about thirty billion each year, which is a high cost for the amount of the money that those involved in the fraud often get from insurance (ORourke, 2003). For example, In 1995 alone one trillion were spent on health care, and 10-15 percent of that payment was comprised of health insurance fraud (Skeen, 2003). What is more, insurance fraud is often placed in two categories, hard and soft fraud, where hard fraud is the willful of a person to commit the fraud†¦show more content†¦There was a particular case that stood out, which involved the willful act of a physician to commit hard fraud against his patients. In this case, a health insurance company, Instant Mutual, called stating that one of their clients were complaining of their bill, stating that it was unreasonably high. The client had been sick for a while, and stated that she had been visiting a gastroenterologist for the treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). The client had been referred to a gastroenterologist, Dr. John Spirolact , by her primary care physician, Dr. Codonea. Dr. Spirolact had practiced for about twenty-five years, and was known for his treatment of diseases like IBS, Crohns disease, and ulcerative colitis. The insurance company stated upon speaking with the doctor a few days later, he stated that he was treating her for symptoms of Crohns disease, which has similar symptoms to IBS, but is far more severe of a disease than IBS. As a result, the doctor mentioned that it was necessary to schedule three colonoscopies that month, as well as an ultrasound to test for inflammation, and prescribe her five more medications that he stated were common for treating symptons of the disease, sulfasalazine, urssodiol, budesonible,inflixmab and flagyl,Show MoreRelatedEssay about Workers Compensation Fraud1575 Words   |  7 PagesWorkers Compensation Fraud Workers Compensation is a service that provides reimbursement for lost wages to employees who have sustained injuries from work or work-related tasks. It is also one of the services that is most often the victim of fraud. Each of the three types of fraud, claimant, employer, and provider, is defined by the same characteristics, outlined by the Ohio Board of Workers Compensation: #61623; Receiving workers compensation benefits that are not entitled to the claimant; Read MoreCurrent Health Care Issues1459 Words   |  6 Pagescontinues to rise each year. Health care fraud is a factor that continues to plague the health care industry. The affect health care fraud has on hospitals, is the increasing cost of medical services. The following research will examine and evaluate how organizational structure and governance, culture and the lack of focus on social responsibility affects on health care fraud. The following research will also include recommendations for prevention of health care fraud, recommendations for change of structureRead MoreMedical Fraud And The United States1004 Words   |  5 Pages Medical fraud and abuse is a huge contributing factor in the rise of healthcare costs in the United States. Although there are many definitions of fraud and abuse, according to Cigna and HIPPA, medical fraud is when there is false representation of a substance, device or a therapeutic system as a way of being beneficial in treating a medical condition, diagnosing a disease, or maintaining a state of health. Medical Abuse is defined ‘as any action that intentionally harms or injures another person’Read MoreFinancial Issues For The Health Care System Of The United States1519 Words   |  7 PagesBackground Pozgar (2012) defines healthcare fraud as an unlawful act, which purpose is for personal gain through deception. It consists of a vast number of illegal acts and irregularities resulting from intentional deceptions. It is no surprise that healthcare fraud is difficult to combat and causes extensive financial issues for the health care system of the United States. This brings us to define what fraud is and how it relates to healthcare. Fraud generally defined as knowingly and willfullyRead MoreMedicare Is A State Run Program1207 Words   |  5 PagesMedicare is national government run program that was developed in 1965. Medicare provides health insurance to Americans aged 65 and older who have worked and contributed to the program throughout their whole life by utilizing around 30 private insurance companies. The program also assists in providing benefits for younger people with disabilities. As well as offering Medicare in the United States a program called Medicaid is also availabl e. Which is also a government run program, Medicaid is a stateRead More Internal Controls and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Essay757 Words   |  4 Pagestypically done by a bookkeeper and must be reliable in order to be effective. The way a company ensures their financial records are reliable is by setting up a system of internal controls. Internal controls allow a company to protect its assets from fraud and theft as well as ensuring records are kept accurately by reducing errors and irregularities (Keisco, Kimmel and Weygandt, 2008). Internal controls work by assigning responsibility, separating duties to provide checks and balances, hiring an independentRead MoreShould Obamacare Be Abolished?1099 Words   |  5 Pagesstruggle to pay doctor and hospital expenses. Health insurance is suppose to provide money to pay for medical expenses, but as costs rise so do the insurance rates. Many Americans find private insurance is too expensive. As a result, many middle class Americans and low income households decide to go uninsured forcing taxpayers to cover their medical expenses along with there own. While every American politician can agree, Healthcare is a huge problem in America, the Democratic and Republican partiesRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1281 Words   |  6 Pages(Martin, 2015). This act was predominately passed to help reduce Medicaid fraud and to expand the eligibility for Medicaid. Medicaid was created in 1965 by the Social Security Amendments and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was passed in 2010. Medicaid fraud has been a problem for years but with the expansion of Medicaid, more providers are needed, more people enroll, which creates more potential for fraud. Medicaid fraud and abuse can be caused by doctors, health care practitioners, suppliersRead MoreThe Most Problematic Social and Economic Problem in Today’s Society997 Words   |  4 Pagesproblematic social and economic problem in the US. Identity theft can cause many problems for the victim and the thief, obviously. One problem is the victims personal record, it is extremely important to have a clean one if you want to apply for college, buy a house, become a citizen, etc. Another problem is after the identity theft has taken their toll, the victim is suffering with trying to recover all the money that they have lost. And the most dangerous problem is victims can be accused of cr imes

The Role Of Safety Management On Personal Information Free Essays

Safety management describes a process of protection from any harm. It also describes the countermeasures put in place by that process. Harm may indicate a loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role Of Safety Management On Personal Information or any similar topic only for you Order Now Safety management focuses on preventing harm resulting from both random acts of nature and intentional strategic actions (Schechter, 2004). Safety management is a major concern in today’s digital era. The Internet offers a low cost, but insecure means of reaching people. Owing to the ubiquity of the Internet, it is difficult to control and trace intrusions or attacks by unauthorized people, hackers, etc. Electronic commerce applications need secure mechanisms for accurate user identification, accessing sensitive database, storing and transmitting sensitive information, etc. Personal identification numbers (PINs), passwords, smart cards and digital certificates are some of the means normally used for this purpose. However, these means do not really identify a person, but only knowledge of some data or belonging of some determined object (Sanchez-Reillo et al. 1999), e. g. public key infrastructure (PKI) cannot assure identity of the maker of a transaction, it can only identify the maker’s computer. An imposter can easily masquerade as a legitimate user and defraud the system. Information must be readily available in organizations for making decisions to support the organizational mission. Murphy, Boren, and Schlarman (2000) state that due to increased connectivity and the urgency to exchange information and data among partners, suppliers, and customers on a real time basis, the need to protect and secure computer resources is greater than ever. As a result, this has created the possibility of exposing sensitive corporate information to competitors as well as hackers who can now access organizational computer resources from remote sites. The potential loss of such information to an organization goes beyond financial losses and includes the possibility of corrupted data, denial of services to suppliers, business partners and customers, loss of customer confidence, and lost sales. Security in business processes (i. e. , maintaining proper authentication, authorization, non-repudiation, and privacy) is critical to successful e-business operations. Enabling business functions over the Internet has been recognized as a major component for the success of businesses and, by mitigating risks in a cost-effective manner, security is now being viewed as a component of business operations (Deise, Nowikow, King, Wright, 2000). Decisions about information systems made by managers are vital to the success, and even survival, of a firm (Enns, Huff, Golden, 2003). Despite increased security threats, organizations have traditionally allocated very little of the total IT budget to information security. Forrester Research estimates that in Fortune 500 companies, the average amount of money as a percent of revenue that is spent on IT security is 0. 0025 percent or slightly less than what they spend on coffee (Clarke, 2002). Organizations must evaluate and prioritize the optimum mix of products and services to be deployed for protecting confidentiality (maintaining privacy of information), integrity (maintaining information is not altered in transit), and availability (maintaining access to information and resources) of corporate assets. The decision to deploy certain technology is based on variables such as the organizational business model, level of risk, vulnerability, cost, and return on investment (Highland, 1993). There are several ways in which information can be protected. One method to safeguard information is by using controls. The concept of controls can be applied to financial auditing as well as technical computer security. General controls include personnel, physical and organizational controls as well as technical security services and mechanisms (Summers, 1997). Computer security controls can be hardware or software-based and may include biometric devices, anti-virus software, smart cards, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems that can be used to build the enterprise security infrastructure. Additionally, these controls may be preventive, detective, or corrective. In the area of information safety management, research has often lagged practice. Dhillon Blackhouse (2001) have stressed the need for â€Å"more empirical research to develop key principles for the prevention of negative events and therefore to help in the management of security. Despite known vulnerabilities in applications and operating systems, companies continue to deploy software to stay competitive, and steps taken to secure products and services are knee-jerk reactions to media stories that are more reactive than proactive in nature. Most IT managers lack a coherent framework and concrete methodology for achieving enterprise security. A security plan that includes te chnology, personnel, and policies would be a much better approach to developing an enterprise security strategy. One such model is the Enterprise security Framework Price Waterhouse Coopers (PWC) model. The PWC model is comprehensive because it addresses the entire enterprise of security architecture. The model emphasizes information security strategies within the organization using a holistic rather than apiecemeal approach. The framework is based on four pillars: security vision and strategy, senior management commitment, information security management structure, and training and awareness. Within the pillars are decision drivers, development, and implementation phases. Firewalls are placed in the development phase since they are used to provide interpretation of corporate standards at the technical level. For a detailed discussion of the PWC model, the reader is referred to Murphy, Boren, and Schlarman (2000). Firewalls can be considered a last line of defense in protecting and securing information systems. Wood (1988) provided a context for information security systems planning and proposed that reactive and incremental improvement approaches to address security are harbingers of a more serious problem. Other factors identified in Wood’s model are the lack of top management support, information overload, insufficient staffing, and limited resources. Straub and Welke (1998) advocate using deterrence, prevention, detection, and recovery security action cycle to mitigate systems risk and use prioritized security controls. Data on computer crimes is often under-reported because companies are not willing to risk public embarrassment and bad publicity. Most companies choose to handle these incidents internally without keeping documentation or reporting to local, state or federal authorities (Saita, 2001). There is a need for unbiased empirical studies in the information security area that will provide insight into problems affecting today’s technology dependent corporations and industries. With a strong need to collect and analyze computer security data, the CSI/FBI Computer Crime and security Survey is published yearly (see http:// www. gocsi. com). This study provides descriptive statistics but does not attempt to identify relationship between variables, as is expected in analytical surveys. Also, results reported in this annual survey have been identified by the publishers themselves to be potentially misleading due to the limited number of respondents and their accuracy as a result of anonymous nature of the surveys. These results have also been called into question because of lack of statistical or scholarly rigor and self-serving interest (Heiser, 2002). Despite these limitations, the CSI/FBI survey provides a useful role in comparison of yearly data for similar parameters. The area of human computer interface provides a link between the user and software applications. User satisfaction is a function of features, user interface, response time, reliability, â€Å"installability,† information, maintainability, and other factors. If a product’s user interface catches a user’s attention and is simple to learn and use, and has the right price and features, then the product may gain competitive advantage† (Torres, 2002, p. 15). The theory of user interface design and user involvement in completing task-based actions related to Internet and security software has been substantiated by two studies in which user interaction with peer-to-peer software (Good Kerkelberg, 2002), a nd PGP software (Whitten Tygar, 1999) were examined. Good and Krekelberg (peer-to-peer study) found that applications connecting to the Internet need better usability and software design to maintain integrity of information stored on a user’s computer. In this study, individuals assumed responsibility of keeping firewalls operational at all times. This contributed in large part to maintaining effective enterprise security. Whitten and Tygar (PGP study) found that user errors are a significant portion of computer security failures, and further concluded that user interfaces for security programs require a usability standard much different from other consumer software. Although this study is not directly concerned with user satisfaction, but is more focused on factors that affect deployment rather than development of end-user software in a specific area, some factors may be directly tied to user satisfaction as will be shown by correlational analysis). Due to increasing mobile and off-site access by employees using cable modems, D SL connections, and wireless devices to access corporate resources, personal firewalls are a necessary component to maintain overall enterprise security in an organization. Because of the nature and availability of personal firewall software, most companies choose to acquire it rather than develop it in-house. Software acquisition that results in productivity gains and strategic advantage is of critical concern to organizations, and factors that relate to these benefits must be correctly identified and understood for software acquisition decisions (Nelson, Richmond, Seidmann, 1996). Purchase of commercial software includes identifying requirements, evaluating packages from different vendors, configuring, installing, and evaluating it either as server or client-based solution. This may further involve requirements acquisition that leads to product selection (Maiden, Ncube, Moore, 1997). As a method of selection, professionals in charge of evaluating personal firewall software could draft a feature requirements document, and evaluate vendor products by comparing available features as well as using demonstration versions of software. This would be followed by user experience with the software. As mentioned earlier, the need for user involvement in information systems has been considered an important mechanism for improving system quality and ensuring successful system implementation. It is further believed that the user’s satisfaction with a system leads to greater system usage (Baroudi, Olson, Ives, 1986). The requirements for software though must be as measurable as possible to enable product selection and may also use repertory grids in which stakeholders are asked for attributes applicable to a set of entities and values for cells in an entity-attribute matrix. This would produce representation of requirements in a standardized, quantifiable format amenable even to statistical analyses (Maiden, Ncube, Moore, 1997). In relation to the security area, Goodhue and Straub (1991) found company actions and individual awareness to be statistically significant in a study of perceptions of managers regarding controls installed in organizations. The normalized safety factor provided a measure of relative strength of importance attached by factors to each statement on the scale used during sorting. As mentioned earlier, adherents in Factor 1 felt strongly in favor of statement 4 (Performance) and opposed statements 8 (Setup/configuration) and 5 (Installation). The results of Factor 2 are consistent with Factor 1, that is, Performance of the product is the highest rated criterion. ease-of-use also rated highly in Factors 1 and 2. The largest dissension between Factor 1 and 2 groups involved statements 9 (Availability of Online Help), 7 (Intrusion Reports generated), and 6 (Regular Product Updates). The most dissension between Factors 2 and 3 involved Statements 1 (Cost) and 3 (Ease-of-use). Results of Factor 3 were consistent with Factors 1 and 2, with Performance criteria once again being highly rated. The largest dissension between Factors 1 and 3 involved statements 1 (Cost), 3 (Ease-of-use), and 9 (Availability of Online Help). Extreme differences between all factors appeared in Cost, Intrusion Reports generated, and Availability of Online Help. There was only one statement, Performance of the product, that showed consensus among all factors; that is, it did not distinguish between any pair of factors, which indicates Performance of the desktop firewall software is an agreed upon criterion irrespective of group characteristics. The managerial implications of this study can be assessed at the level of selecting appropriate software for use on computers in organizations to maintain security. There is evidence of user satisfaction being a useful measure of system success (Mahmood et al. , 2000). While the end-user may not purchase individually preferred software for installation on company owned computers, the user can influence decisions for selection by making known to IS managers the features that would contribute to regular use of security software such as personal firewalls. Given access of these machines to corporate resources, appropriate and regular use of software would contribute to maintaining enterprise security. For technical professionals (e. g. , programmers) who install firewalls on their desktop, programs could emphasize the statements that are defining characteristics shown in Factor 3. For an industry that has non-technical professionals (such as Factor 1 and 2), other non-technical characteristics of the product could be emphasized thus achieving maximum effectiveness in program deployment. Increased awareness should minimize user related faults, nullify these in theory, and maximize the efficiency of security techniques and procedures from the user’s point of view (Siponen, 2000). Due to project deadlines and market competition, software is often shipped without being fully tested as secure, and standard industry practice is to release incremental service packs that address security issues in the product. In a case of security software, this may adversely affect the reputation of a vendor once its products have been shown to have high vulnerability to being compromised. Knowledge on personal safety management could provide a better understanding of importance of personal firewall security software on organizational client computers. The decision to install an information system necessitates a choice of mechanisms to determine whether it is needed, and once implemented, whether it is functioning properly (Ives, Olson, Baroudi, 1983). More research needs to be done in the area of selection of software for implementation on user’s computers that are owned by corporations and given to employees for off-site work. This can include regular employees vs. contractors who may connect to employer and client networks from the same computer. If the findings are to have wider applicability, qualified industry professionals and security officers responsible for maintaining secure infrastructure in corporations should be included in the analysis. The study provides management and security professionals a basis for making decisions related to enterprise security. It provides personal firewall vendors an insight into feature requirements of the personal firewall market, and provides academic researchers interested in security, a more focused approach on various dimensions of security software from the behavioral perspective. Future studies could be industry and product specific in order to assess differences in selecting general-purpose software versus security specific products. In many cases, management has looked at the need for implementing information security programs and products as a necessary encumbrance, something akin to paying taxes or insurance premiums (Highland, 1993). But organizations are increasingly becoming aware of the potential for legal exposure via lawsuits, and are deploying countermeasures (such as personal firewalls) to reduce vulnerability and mitigate risk. The chief information security officer in today’s organizations should have the responsibility of managing organizational risks by using empirical models and analysis to determine strategies for protecting corporate assets. Firewalls are the last line of defense in the corporate network and therefore play a critical role in information security. With personal firewalls being a new product genre, this study was conducted since there is no research available that specifically looks at determinants for selection of security software in a corporate environment to protect organizational assets. As the information security field evolves further, decisions for security software acquisitions need to be researched further. Selection and deployment of appropriate firewalls can make a significant difference in an organization’s enterprise security strategy. It is therefore also important to understand the variables (as shown in this study) that may affect decisions to select and deploy personal firewall software in a corporate environment. It is recommended that in order to provide better evidence of factors that affect deployment of technology tools that create awareness of security issues and produce better informed employees, research into behavioral factors also needs to be conducted to gain insight into programs and processes that will lead to the development of a robust enterprise security strategy. Information security awareness research has been mostly descriptive and has not explored the possibilities offered by motivation/behavioral theories, or the related theory of planned behavior and the technology acceptance model, specifically in the information security domain (Mathieson, 1991 ; Siponen, 2000; Legris, Ingham, Collerette, 2003). Since security has been deployed at the perimeter of electronic network and on servers by system administrators, the area of information security has ignored users of information systems since software developers are far removed from how the user will interact with security software. Human compliance with information security rules require an understanding of how people work and think (Highland, 1993). Lane (1985) considers the human factor to be the first and most important component of security and a critical part of the risk analysis process. This is especially true in personal firewall software since the burden of maintaining a secure environment is being shared by the user and the system administrator. How to cite The Role Of Safety Management On Personal Information, Papers

Obesity in Australian Children A Working Health Promotion Initiative

Question: Discuss about theObesity in Australian Childrenfor aWorking Health Promotion Initiative. Answer: Introduction The term Obesity means fat and overweight in common parlance. In the medical terminology of the word, it means children who have a higher Body Mass Index as compared to normal. The definition of normalcy varies with age, body type, race and origin. The common understanding is obese children are more prone to diseases, like cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, cancer, certain non-communicable diseases, and psychological problems. The given assignment requires drawing up a program for the obese children of the Sydney area and means to tackle the obesity in them. The increased prevalence of obesity amongst the children is one of the major difficulties faced by Sydney today. The study is based out of the St George area of Sydney including Georges River Council and Bayside Council areas. This write-up tries to address the issue of obesity, right from the scratch. It deals with the reasons of cause for obesity, the control mechanisms, the practicality of implementation of the mechanisms, and the plans that can lead to achieve the same. The programs so designed cannot be a homogeneous whole as the nature and measure of obesity varies with age, region, ethnicity, etc. The endeavour requires integrating the efforts of a lot of parties, like the community, the government, the participants and the like. The efforts need to be coherent and well planned. They need to be medically accurate and time bound. The rectification process is slow and lengthy, spanning many years and lifelong for many cases. But the most difficult aspect is the convincing of the subject to the fact that they are obese and require special attention. The subject of the study being children, the challenge is even more profound. Discussion Childhood obesity is a very common factor dealt with amongst the young population. The problem is more acute in the developed nations. The situation has today taken the shape of a national problem in many countries with a very high percentage of children under 18 years turning out to be obese. It was studied in Sydney alone, that 200000 children below the age of 15 years age are obese, of which 20000 are below the age of 4 years. In 2007-08, National Health Survey found out that in the age bracket of 5 to 17 year old children, as much as 25% were obese. Sydney is plagued with adult as well as child obesity problems. Between 1985 and 1995 the number of obese children has more than doubled in Australia. The rate of increase of obesity was very rapid. A study conducted in 2010 amongst 8000 school kids was surveyed in Sydney (and rest of New South Wales) revealed that the number of obese children in the region was 25% in 2004, a steep rise from 10% in 1985. The significance of childhood obesity is in its nature to turn into adult obesity. The chances that an obese child will grow up to an obese adult vary between 25% 78%. (NSW Ministry of Health, 2016) Obesity affects a childs normal conduct of life. The child becomes fat and overweight and cannot conduct oneself in a normal manner. The weight causes inability in the child to be agile as the body strength cannot keep up with the weight the body is carrying. The lack of agility is coupled with tiredness. The carrying of excess body weight all the time drains out energy from the child quickly and makes the child tired. Hence, the overall impact is that the child is sloth and inactive. This gives rise to major social inclusion amongst other children of the same age bracket, which is not obese. These children play and run around easily and do whatever a normal child is expected to do. The obese children cannot keep up pace with these children and start to cocoon themselves from the rest. This gives rise to a mental exclusion. The mental exclusion creates situation where these children do not take part in the normal social activities other children are involved in, like playing, running around and others. The inability to perform shields them away from the rest. This leads to inferiority complex amongst the child. Issues Requiring Change In the aforementioned discussion it was seen that the obese children suffer from typical diseases that normal children do not suffer from. The diseases are generally non-communicable in nature, so to say, that they cannot be passed on from a child to another, by any means. Hence, prevention is not quarantining. It will be pertinent here to look into the nature of the disorders that arise due to obesity. They include cardiovascular problems, skeletal problems and muscular issues, cancer of certain types, sleep apnoea, diabetes and hypertension. These types of diseases even in adults are controllable and preventable, but may not necessarily be curable. The prevention includes change of lifestyle and food habits. The change is easier to bring about in adults as they are more conscious and considering their age, majority have already undergone the experience of the uncontrolled and now the controlled lifestyle somewhat get accepted. Moreover, the similar age bracket is already into a restricted lifestyle, brings easier acceptance. But for a child the situation is very different. The children see the peer group eating things they cannot do and not doing acidities they are required to do. This causes a psychological barrier. Also the child feels that this restricted lifestyle is forever to continue, at least in the near future, or the entire of school life. The other peer group members who are not obese have unlimited access to other activities and food. The counselling sessions for these children to make them accept the reality is very important. The challenge is to create the realisation, of what is in place of what it may have been or why it is so with me only kind of syndrome. (Jeffrey P Kop lan, 2005) The child also knows that once the obesity affects, it is there to stay for quite a number of years, and may be lifelong. This means that the obese child grows up to an obese adult. The child, in the process of growth, observes other obese adults and realises the challenges faced by the person in daily life. As the child grows up cognitive power of the child increases and the realisation start to become starker. Thus starts reducing the self esteem of the child and the increase indulgence in unscientific methods of weight control. The next level of commitment comes from the executive, who is expected to create an environment of supportive policies and programmes. The entire gamuts of things are designed towards achieving the behavioural change that the health practitioners expect within the child. The outcome is a metamorphosed social, economic and health environments. However, this model with not work unless there is continuous monitoring of the developments. The model may work on principles that support invention and create evidences that form the guiding principles for policies and programs to be drawn out and evaluated at a common level. The designing and evaluation happens at a professional level which has subject matter experts. They provide scientific and technical knowhow on the subject and advice on the programs that can be drawn out to bring forth the requisite changes. Proposed Objective of the Project The solution of the problem is only in the prevention and not in cure. The problems are naturally cured when the obesity goes off, if at all it goes off. Prevention requires a lot of proactive steps towards the achievement. Prevention is the best possible way, since prevention is better than cure. Prevention in case of non-communicable diseases means that they already exist but needs to be kept under control in the same individual. For communicable diseases it means prevention of the disease transferring from one person to another. In case of infectious diseases, the solution is generally to quarantine after proving first instance of medical attention. The curing process starts then. For non-communicable diseases the plan is entirely different. The framework differs from the nature of the disease. The NCD framework adopts the practices that relate to cure and non recurrence. The cure may be medicinal or non-medicinal. Obesity is best tackled by non-medicinal methods. There is some collateral damage that happens due to the obesity, which may require medicines to be administered. Obesity gives rise to problems like hypertension. This needs to be tackled by medication. But the obesity can be tackled by non-medicinal methods like lifestyle and dietary changes. The prevention framework actually revolves strongly around the creation of awareness and resulting in acceptance. Once these two are in place, natural cure is bound to happen. The challenge is to create the acceptance. (Ms Victoria Inglis, 2003) The implementation is bifurcated in to short term and long term. In the short term an obese child needs to do more of physical acidity and the energy levels of the child needs to be augmented to support the extra physical activity without the child falling tired. The immediate reduction of food habits in terms of quantity and the combination will serve immediate visible results. It is the long term strategies that the St George area of Sydney area people will be more interested in. The long term strategies would include lifestyle changes like waking up early, reducing late nights, teaching children healthy habits like morning walk, the community services keeping the parks clean and green to facilitate the lungs breathe clean air. The administration needs to be supportive to this by providing well kept parks for morning walks, encourage use of public transport, doing traffic management in the city to facilitate morning walkers, promote cycling to curb pollution and encouraging physical exercise, both helping keeping the population healthy. The Plan for Implementation The project can include a teaching plan that will create awareness amongst the children towards healthy lifestyle and food habits. A clear list of activities what to do and not to do needs to be supplied to the children for them to identify the good from the harmful. The awareness can be created by a program organised in the local town hall where all children attend. The children can be motivated to come through their respective schools. The attendance can be incentivised by giving away prizes and citations to the ones who attend the program. Parents and local TV and newspapers can also be used as a channel to draw the children. (Health, 2016), (Overweight Obesity Prevention, 2013) The dangers are not only restricted to this. The extra weight and fat the child carries along all the time has severe detrimental effects on the physical health of the child as well. It is pertinent to remember that a human body is designed to carry a certain amount of weight only. This amount increases with time as we grow up from a baby to an adult, so does our body strength. The obese children have the body strength that is same as any other child of similar age bracket. However, the limited strength has to carry an overburdened body all the time. The situation is complex. The body for a short time can live up to the challenge, but is soon tired and fatigues out. Hence these children tire out easily. The continuous carrying of extra weight means that body parts wear out more easily than the other children. The child is actually in a growing stage, where the body needs to get built up instead of breaking down. Both the process happens together. But in an obese child, the braking do wn is sometimes faster than the building up. Hence the physical growth becomes retarded, even though the child may be visibly over-nutritious. These include things like muscle growth, bone development, skeletal improvement, etc. Another aspect with obese children is that the internal organs need to deal with more stress as compare to normal children. The heart, lung, liver, intestine all need to gear up to support the body. Now since the entire physiological system fails to deliver together, many organs fail to deliver individually too. This leads to obese children developing heart diseases, diabetes, orthopaedic disorders and other problems. The aim is to tackle this challenge. (A Healthy and Active Australia, 2016) Proposed Evaluation Process The Evaluation Process of the project will include the measures that commonly are suggested are increased body activity to burn excess calories that accumulate naturally in the obese body. The body activity should be coordinated and orchestrated and not ad-hoc. There are medically proven styles of activities like typical exercises, aerobics, and yoga, that helps reduce and control obesity. The change in food intake pattern also is another proven method of controlling obesity. It is a misconception that fasting and / or starving oneself reduces calories. It does reduce calorie intake, but also reduces intake of other nutrients like protein and vitamins which are essential building blocks of the body. The solution thus is a orchestrated food habit the includes items low in calorie, like sugar and carbohydrate and items more in roughage and proteins and vitamins in measured quantities. A nutritionist is the perfect person to aid in this regards. The result will be the reduction in obesi ty amongst the children in the age group of 5 to 18 years. A typical preventive framework will include community sessions with the subjects (obese children) and their guardians. The sessions are more like training programs that educate the subjects to know the problem and the solutions. All solutions may not be applicable for all the subjects; hence specific customisation needs to be done. The framework also considers the environmental and operational aspects of the program. The program will include structures that support policies and various interventions, policies and initiatives that are widely accepted by the population, and interventions that can be adopted at the community level. The framework also needs to take care of the social-cultural aspect of the population in question. The framework needs to include educational programs and exemplary exhibitions of practically acceptable methods of obesity prevention and control. (Moodie, 2016) Literature Evidence The major literature consulted was the WHO report on the Population based approaches to Childhood Obesity Prevention (ISBN 9789241504782), 2012. The literature addresses Childhood Obesity and Strategies to tackle them in pages 13 14 and spirits the text mentioned in this article. The principles for developing an obesity prevention strategy is enumerated in pages 16 to 20 which has been the motivation for drawing our strategies as well. The strategy program requires proper support from various stakeholders as has been influenced by the WHO report pages 23 to 34. The role of the community has been motivated by concepts on pages 35 to 46. The report is largely guided by these principles. (Library, 2012) Shape up Australia was one such initiative mentioned in the literatures. The literature advocates that long term strategy of not luring children into eating junk food that is high in calorie intake, like carbonated drinks, fried packaged items, etc. The administration needs to undertake legislative changes to curb propaganda, either by means of advertisements or otherwise, towards promoting junk food and drinks. More so it should be illegal to target luring the children towards the consumption of the junk food. This will prevent the craving amongst children towards junk food. Parent and guardian education in this regard is of paramount importance. The good habits start at home. Even school environment should promote healthy living and food habits. It can be a mandatory part of curriculum to teach students the concept of healthy lifestyle encompassing both food and structural changes. Conclusion There are various programs that have been designed over time to tackle obesity. The chief amongst them is the awareness program. The programs have been endorsed by the WHO and supported by the government. The need of the hour is process of exercise and lifestyle change along with dietary changes to be planned out at the apex level. The operational plan can be drawn out by the implementing agencies. The process is leadership activities that need to be seriously convinced about the success of such programs and give them a head start. Through this article it is seen that childhood obesity is a menace that is plaguing the developed nations. Since children are the future generation, having more obese children in the age group of 5 16 will mean less healthy generation. This generation will grow up into adults with the same disorders and give rise to an unhealthy population as a whole affecting the next generation. This is not a problem of an individual child, but is of the community as a whole. Moreover, the problem affects an entire generation whereby the medical future looks scary. References: A Healthy and Active Australia. (2016). Retrieved 10 12, 2016, from A Healthy and Active Australia: https://www.healthyactive.gov.au/ Health, M. o. (2016). Childhood Obesity Plan. Retrieved 10 12, 2016, from Ministry of Health: https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/obesity/childhood-obesity-plan Jeffrey P Koplan, C. T. (2005). Health in the Balance. Washington DC: National Academies Press (US). Library, W. (2012). Population-based approaches to Childhood Obesity Prevention. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Document Production Services. Moodie, R. (2016). Obesity In Australia - A need for urgent action. In Australia: The Healthiest Country by 2020 National Preventative Health Strategy the roadmap for action (pp. 140 - 155). Australia: National Preventative Health Taskforce. Ms Victoria Inglis, D. E. (2003). To promote awareness of the risk factors that contribute to childhood obesity and assess the ability of parents to develop shared strategies to reduce such risks. Hospital, OzChild : Children Australia Centre for Community Child Health Royal Childrens. NSW Ministry of Health, N. D. (2016). Overweight and Obesity. Retrieved 10 12, 1026, from Healthy Kids: https://www.healthykids.nsw.gov.au/stats-research/overweight-and-obesity.aspx Overweight Obesity Prevention. (2013). Retrieved 10 12, 2016, from Promoting a Healthy Australia: https://health.gov.au/internet/anpha/publishing.nsf/Content/obesity-home

Hard Times By Charles Dickens Irony Essay Example For Students

Hard Times By Charles Dickens Irony Essay Hard Times, by Charles Dickens, was a representation of his time. Times were hard for children and adults alike. People who questioned what they were taught, often went through struggles and hard times. Eventually, the people who were looked down were the ones who really helped those in need. Throughout the book, there are many ironic instances. Thomas Gradgrind was a man built on the idea that facts and statistics were the only truth in life and all that was needed to have a healthy and productive life. The only truth to him was his very own vision of the truth. Simple put, Thomas Gradgrind strived for perfection. He strived to be perfect, which is what his philosophy was based on, and he strived to make his children perfect and not to wonder. He raised his children never to wonder, never to doubt facts and to never entertain any vice or fancy. As soon as Gradgrinds children were old enough to absorb, he was feeding giving more lessons than they could hold. His children were brought up only knowing one way to live and that was the idea that if it is not fact, then it is false. He was emotionaless as were his children because they were brought up only knowing what they were taught by him. Eventually, as Gradgrinds children became older, what they were taught began to turn sour in their minds. Tom, Grandgrinds son, began to d espise his father and all he was taught and thus began to rebel. He took to smoking and gambling, which eventually led to his downfall. Tom had grown up to become a sycophantic, self-absorbed parasite. He had turned out the exact opposite as hoped. Thomas Gradgrind had raised his children never to wonder, but wondering intrigued them. Gradrgind had observed his children peeking into a circus tent because they were curious as to what was inside. The children were scolded for being curious, but seeds were planted into their minds of how there was more to life than what they had been taught. Futhermore, Tom, a usually well-behaved child, began to rebel after this incident. At first, he was rebelling in his mind, but eventually, after Tom moved out of his fathers house, so began his more visible rebellion. Once more, this is exactly what Mr. Gradgrind had tried to avoid whilst raising his children. When Tom Gradgrind was in serious trouble because of his gambling debts, he confided in his sister, Louisa. Louisa was brought up to be emotionless and to not feel compassion, concern, or sympathy. But, when her brother Tom was in need of his sisters help, she, for the first time, felt love for her brother. Josiah Bounderby was a fraud. He had lied about his childhood to make people feel sympathy for him. Josiah Bounderby was a middle aged factory owner who was quite wealthy. Bounderby looked at his workers as hands. To him, his workers were nothing more than robots. He felt that he was above them because of his wealth and his position. He thought that the penniless had no souls and no feelings. However, as Bounderby later is proved to be a fraud, it turns out that he was at the same level, if not lower, than the people he described that worked for him. Sissy Jupe, a child who had been scolded for her inability to accept fact over fancy, was not approved by Mr. Gradgrind. He tried everything in his power to make Sissy Jupe more like him, but he could not because she had been raised by loving people who taught her that there is more to life than just statistics. After Sissy Jupe began living with the Grandgrind family, She began to rub off on them. After observing her and her values, The entire Gradgrind family saw that she was a genuinely caring and sympathetic girl and thats when they started to notice that something about then was flawed; something in their life was missing. Sissy Jupe showed the Gradgrind family what it feels like to love and how it feels to care. A child who was scorned for being herself was teaching a supposed perfect family values they did not possess and they were grateful. .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31 , .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31 .postImageUrl , .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31 , .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31:hover , .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31:visited , .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31:active { border:0!important; } .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31:active , .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31 .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8759e7b51d3d9a2c633ee14456440e31:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teamwork EssayIn conclusion, life didnt turn out the way that was expected by many characters in Hard Times. Those who strived to have perfect children, didnt. And those who were looked down on proved be essential characters in finding that there was more to life than what they were taught.